Nama :
Muhammad Wachid Agung Laksono
NPM :
16213171
Kelas : 1EA22
Passive
Voice
The passive voice is less usual than the active voice. The active
voice is the "normal" voice. But sometimes we need the passive voice.
In this lesson we look at how to construct the passive voice, when to use it
and how to conjugate it.
Construction of the
Passive Voice
The structure of the passive voice is very simple:
subject + auxiliary verb (be) + main verb (past participle)
The main verb is always in its past participle form.
Look at these examples:
subject
|
auxiliary verb (to be)
|
main verb (past participle)
|
||
Water
|
is
|
drunk
|
by
everyone.
|
|
100
people
|
are
|
employed
|
by
this company.
|
|
I
|
am
|
paid
|
in
euro.
|
|
We
|
are
|
not
|
paid
|
in
dollars.
|
Are
|
they
|
paid
|
in
yen?
|
Use of the Passive Voice
We use the passive when:
- we
want to make the active object more important
- we
do not know the active subject
subject
|
verb
|
object
|
|
give
importance to active object (President Kennedy)
|
President Kennedy
|
was
killed
|
by
Lee Harvey Oswald.
|
active
subject unknown
|
My
wallet
|
has
been stolen.
|
?
|
Note that we always use by to introduce the passive object (Fish are eaten by cats).
Look at this sentence:
- He
was killed with a gun.
Normally we use by to introduce the passive
object. But the gun is not the active subject. The gun did not kill him. He was
killed by somebody with a gun. In the active voice, it would be: Somebody killed him with a gun. The gun is the
instrument. Somebody is the "agent" or "doer".
Conjugation for the
Passive Voice
We can form the passive in any tense. In fact, conjugation of
verbs in the passive tense is rather easy, as the main verb is always in past
participle form and the auxiliary verb is always be. To form the required tense, we conjugate the
auxiliary verb. So, for example:
- present
simple: It is made
- present
continuous: It is being made
- present
perfect: It has been made
Here are some examples with most of the possible tenses:
infinitive
|
to be washed
|
|
simple
|
present
|
It is washed.
|
past
|
It was washed.
|
|
future
|
It will be washed.
|
|
conditional
|
It would be washed.
|
|
continuous
|
present
|
It is being washed.
|
past
|
It was being washed.
|
|
future
|
It will be being washed.
|
|
conditional
|
It would be being washed.
|
|
perfect
simple
|
present
|
It has been washed.
|
past
|
It had been washed.
|
|
future
|
It will have been washed.
|
|
conditional
|
It would have been washed.
|
|
perfect
continuous
|
present
|
It has been being washed.
|
past
|
It had been being washed.
|
|
future
|
It will have been being washed.
|
|
conditional
|
It would have been being washed.
|
Example Passive voice sentences are as follows:
1. Rice is eaten every day
2. Milk is drunk every day
3. The gate is locked every night by them
4. The lesson is being explained by the teacher
5. A story is being written by the students
6. The house was bought last year
7. The hammer was taken by me yesterday
8. The work has been finished by us
9. The letter has been sent by John
10. Simon will be invited
11. The books will be arranged by albert
12. Mr. Hudson is going to be contacted by Liza
Active sentences into passive sentences :
Subjects in active sentence has been at the front of the verb, and object there behind the verb. Note the changes in passive sentences below. Objects can be located in front of the verb. Past Participle (Verb to 3) is always used in active sentences.
Example :
1.(Active) : We need water
(Passive) : Water is needed
2.(Active) : They admire Madona
(Passive) : Madona is admired
3.(Active) : We educate our children
(Passive) : Our children are educated
4.(Active) : They built this house last year
(Passive) : This house was built last year
5.(Active) : They will forget this case
(Passive) : This case will be forgotten
6.(Active) : Someone has split the oil
(Passive) : The oil has been split
7.(Active) : I have pushed the cupboard into the corner
(Passive) : The cupboard has been pushed into the corner
8.(Active) : We requested the police to find the girl
(Passive) : The police were requested to find the girl
9.(Active) : He wants you to give up
(Passive) : You are wanted to give up
Refrensi :
http://swarabhaskara.com/miscellaneous/active-and-passive-voice/
http://swarabhaskara.com/miscellaneous/active-and-passive-voice/
http://www.towson.edu/ows/activepass.html
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